Sailfish OS

Sailfish is a mobile operating System (OS) combining the Linux Kernel, the Mer core and proprietary software written by mobile software developer Jolla. Sailfish is being developed by Jolla in cooperation with the Mer project community and corporate members of the Seilfish Alliance. Sailfish is used in the Jolla smartphone, in the upcoming Jolla Tablet, and by other licensees.The OS is mainly targeted at mobile devices and is also intended to support other devices.

 

The Sailfish OS and the Sailfish Software Sevelopment Kit (SDK) are based on the Linux Kernal ^{and Mer} Sailfish OS includes a multi-tasking graphical Shell called "Lipstick" built by Jolla on top of Jolla uses free and open source grpahics drive the Hybris library allows use of proprietary graphics device drivers for Android.Jolla's stated goal is for Sailfish to be open source eventually.
Sailfish OS can run Android applications through a proprietary compatibility layer.
                          
                                  
The Sailfish OS SDK was announced in Helsinki at Slush in 2012, and the alpha was published in February 2013. The SDK, installation and coding tutorials are available for free download from the Sailfish OS website although the overall license is not open source.
Sailfish SDK uses Qt with Virtual Box for development, compiling and emulation purposes, in contrast to simulation method.This technique allows compilation on the Sailfish OS and full testing of developed software in the virtual Machine, emulating but not simulating the whole Sailfish OS.The technique also separates development activities and side effects from everything else running on the host particular computer, leaving it undisturbed by developments and tests. According to Jolla, development with Sailfish SDK is development on Sailfish OS itself; there are no differences between developed software appearance and behaviour in the SDK and on a device running Sailfish OS.
The availability of source code to the SDK allows shaping and rebuilding for companies' or developers' specific needs, creating a context-specific environment that is set once and needs no preparation when the device is booted. The SDK runs on the operating systems Android-32 and 64 bit versions of Linux, 64-bit versions of OS X, and Microsoft Windows. It can be used for compiling software for Sailfish OS devices from Linux sources. Its general console/terminal mode follows a commonly used standard. A compatible binaries or libraries can also be used^.
Application programming interfaces

 
SailfishOS uses open source Qt APIs (Qt 5, QtQuick 2 etc.) and a closed source Sailfish Silica for the UI. Standard Linux APIs are provided by the Mer Core.
Sailfish, Ubuntu and Plasma Archieve have been cooperating to share common APIs and this, when successful, will make the platforms compatible on the API level .

DARKNET

Deep Web (also called the Deepnet,Invisible Web, or Hidden Web) is the portion of World Wide Web content that is not intdexed by standard search engines.
Mike Bergman, founder of BrightPlanet and credited with coining the phrase, said that searching on the Internet today can be compared to dragging a net across the surface of the ocean: a great deal may be caught in the net, but there is a wealth of information that is deep and therefore missed. Most of the Web's information is buried far down on sites, and standard search engines do not find it. Traditional search engines cannot see or retrieve content in the deep Web. The portion of the Web that is indexed by standard search engines is known as the Surface Web. As of 2001, the deep Web was several orders of magnitude larger than the surface Web.
It should be noted that the Deep Web is a separate entity from the dark Internet, which is made up of computers that can no longer be reached via the Internet. Also, the Dark Web - which consists of various anonymizing networks like Tor and the resources that they provide access to - is not synonymous with the Deep Web, but is considered as a subsection of it^..
Although much of the Deep Web is innocuous, some prosecutors and government agencies, among others, are concerned that the Deep Web is a haven for serious criminality.

What a tangled web we weave, indeed. About 40 percent of the world's population uses the Web for news, entertainment, communication and myriad other purposes [source: . Yet even as more and more people log on, they are actually finding less of the data that's stored online. That's because only a sliver of what we know as the World Wide Web is easily accessible.
The so-called surface Web, which all of us use routinely, consists of data that search engines can find and then offer up in response to your queries. But in the same way that only the tip of an iceberg is visible to observers, a traditional search engine sees only a small amount of the information that's available -- a measly 0.03 percent .
As for the rest of it? Well, a lot of it's buried in what's called the deep Web. The deep Web (also known as the undernet, invisible Web and hidden Web, among other monikers) consists of data that you won't locate with a simple Google search.
No one really knows how big the deep Web really is, but it's hundreds (or perhaps even thousands) of times bigger that the surface Web. This data isn't necessarily hidden on purpose. It's just hard for current search engine technology to find and make sense of it.
There's a flip side of the deep Web that's a lot murkier -- and, sometimes, darker -- which is why it's also known as the dark Web. In the dark Web, users really do intentionally bury data. Often, these parts of the Web are accessible only if you use special browser software that helps to peel away the onion-like layers of the dark Web.
This software maintains the privacy of both the source and the destination of data and the people who access it. For political dissidents and criminals alike, this kind of anonymity shows the immense power of the dark Web, enabling transfers of information, goods and services, legally or illegally, to the chagrin of the powers-that-be all over the world.
Just as a search engine is simply scratching the surface of the Web, we're only getting started. Keep reading to find out how tangled our Web really becomes.